Keywords: AMP; APC; BDL; BT; Bacterial translocation; CCl(4); DC; Farnesoid X receptor; FxR; GALT; GI; GNB; Gut-associated lymphoid tissue; HE; IEL; IFN; IL; IgA; Immunoglobulin A; Interferon; LPS; Liver cirrhosis; MCP-1; MDP; MLCK; MLN; Microbiome; Mucosa barrier; Muramyl-Dipeptide; NFkB; NO; NOD; PGN; Peptidoglycans; ROS; SBP; SDD; SIBO; TJ; TLR; TNF; ZO; antigen-presenting cell; antimicrobial peptides; bacterial translocation; bile duct ligation; carbon-tetrachloride; dendritic cell; gastrointestinal; gram-negative bacteria; gut-associated lymphoid tissue; hepatic encephalopathy; interepithelial lymphocyte; interleukin; lipopolysaccharide; mesenteric lmyph nodes; monocyte chemotatic protein-1; myosin light chain kinase; nitric oxide; nuclear factor kB; nucleotide binding oligomerisation domain 2; reactive oxygen species; selective gut decontamination; small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; tight junction; toll-like-receptor; tumor necrosis factor; zonula occludens.