Acute and chronic effects of diphenhydramine and sertraline mixtures in Ceriodaphnia dubia

Environ Toxicol Chem. 2013 Dec;32(12):2866-9. doi: 10.1002/etc.2378. Epub 2013 Oct 18.

Abstract

Ceriodaphnia dubia were tested to evaluate the acute and chronic interactive effects of diphenhydramine and sertraline. Observed effects were compared with 2 reference toxicity models, the concentration addition model and the independent action model. Results indicate that the 2 drugs exhibit additive toxicity in C. dubia. In some cases, individually sublethal concentrations of the chemicals resulted in 100% mortality when combined, demonstrating the potentially severe impact of trace environmental contaminants.

Keywords: Concentration addition; Independent action; Mixture; Pharmaceutical; Toxic effect.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cladocera / drug effects*
  • Diphenhydramine / toxicity*
  • Drug Synergism
  • Histamine H1 Antagonists / toxicity*
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / toxicity*
  • Sertraline / toxicity*
  • Toxicity Tests, Acute
  • Toxicity Tests, Chronic
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / toxicity*

Substances

  • Histamine H1 Antagonists
  • Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Diphenhydramine
  • Sertraline