Effects of maternal exposure to imazalil on behavioral development in F₁-generation mice

Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2013 Aug;98(4):334-42. doi: 10.1002/bdrb.21070. Epub 2013 Aug 26.

Abstract

Female mice were exposed maternally to imazalil through diet to provide levels of 0 (control), 0.0006, 0.0018, and 0.0054% during gestation and lactation periods, and selected reproductive and neurobehavioral parameters were measured in F₁ generation. There was no adverse effect of imazalil on litter size, litter weight, or sex ratio at birth. With respect to behavioral developmental parameters, surface righting on postnatal day 4 of male offspring was delayed significantly in a dose-related manner (p < 0.05). Regarding exploratory behavior in the F₁ generation, movement time was significantly long (p = 0.0206) in the low-dose group of males at 8 weeks of age. Spontaneous behavior examination in males indicated that movement time increased but in females decreased in the low-dose groups in the F₁ generation. The dose levels of imazalil in the present study produced some adverse effects in neurobehavioral parameters in mice.

Keywords: behavioral development; enilconazole; fungicide; imazalil; maternal exposure; mice; movement activity; reproductive toxicity; spontaneous behavior.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Behavior, Animal / drug effects*
  • Body Weight / drug effects
  • Crosses, Genetic*
  • Exploratory Behavior / drug effects
  • Feeding Behavior / drug effects
  • Female
  • Imidazoles / administration & dosage
  • Imidazoles / toxicity*
  • Lactation / drug effects
  • Male
  • Maze Learning / drug effects
  • Mice
  • Movement / drug effects
  • Pregnancy
  • Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / pathology*
  • Survival Analysis
  • Weaning

Substances

  • Imidazoles
  • enilconazole