PRMT5-mediated histone H4 arginine-3 symmetrical dimethylation marks chromatin at G + C-rich regions of the mouse genome

Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan;42(1):235-48. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkt884. Epub 2013 Oct 3.

Abstract

Symmetrical dimethylation on arginine-3 of histone H4 (H4R3me2s) has been reported to occur at several repressed genes, but its specific regulation and genomic distribution remained unclear. Here, we show that the type-II protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 controls H4R3me2s in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In these differentiated cells, we find that the genome-wide pattern of H4R3me2s is highly similar to that in embryonic stem cells. In both the cell types, H4R3me2s peaks are detected predominantly at G + C-rich regions. Promoters are consistently marked by H4R3me2s, independently of transcriptional activity. Remarkably, H4R3me2s is mono-allelic at imprinting control regions (ICRs), at which it marks the same parental allele as H3K9me3, H4K20me3 and DNA methylation. These repressive chromatin modifications are regulated independently, however, since PRMT5-depletion in MEFs resulted in loss of H4R3me2s, without affecting H3K9me3, H4K20me3 or DNA methylation. Conversely, depletion of ESET (KMT1E) or SUV420H1/H2 (KMT5B/C) affected H3K9me3 and H4K20me3, respectively, without altering H4R3me2s at ICRs. Combined, our data indicate that PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s uniquely marks the mammalian genome, mostly at G + C-rich regions, and independently from transcriptional activity or chromatin repression. Furthermore, comparative bioinformatics analyses suggest a putative role of PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s in chromatin configuration in the nucleus.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alleles
  • Animals
  • Arginine / metabolism*
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chromatin / enzymology*
  • DNA Methylation
  • Fibroblasts / enzymology
  • GC Rich Sequence*
  • Genome
  • Genomic Imprinting
  • Histones / chemistry
  • Histones / metabolism*
  • Methylation
  • Mice
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Protein Methyltransferases / metabolism*
  • Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases

Substances

  • Chromatin
  • Histones
  • Arginine
  • Protein Methyltransferases
  • Prmt5 protein, mouse
  • Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases

Associated data

  • GEO/GSE37604