Survey of animal bite injuries and their management for an estimate of human rabies deaths in N'Djaména, Chad

Trop Med Int Health. 2013 Dec;18(12):1555-62. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12202. Epub 2013 Oct 9.

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the annual human rabies incidence as a baseline prior to mass dog vaccination campaigns in N'Djaména, Chad.

Methods: Survey of animal bites, involving 50% of all healthcare providers in N'Djaména, from September 2008 to April 2009. Of 86 people exposed to a suspected rabid animal, 50% received post-exposure vaccination and a further 8% had their wound cleaned. We estimated annual incidence of bites from suspected rabid animals of 12.9/100,000 and an incidence of 0.7 human rabies deaths/100,000, resulting in 7 estimated deaths (95% confidence interval 4-10 deaths) per year in N'Djaména. 14% of bite victims sought help from veterinarians.

Conclusions: Closer cooperation between physicians and veterinarians warrants more effective rabies control. The high proportion (42%) of potentially exposed people without post-exposure vaccination or wound treatment necessitates urgent attention.

Keywords: N'Djaména; animal bites; human deaths; human rabies incidence; post-exposure prophylaxis; rabies; wound management.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Animals
  • Bites and Stings / complications
  • Bites and Stings / epidemiology*
  • Bites and Stings / therapy
  • Cats
  • Chad / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Dog Diseases / prevention & control
  • Dogs
  • Equidae
  • Female
  • Haplorhini
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Mass Vaccination / veterinary
  • Middle Aged
  • Rabies / etiology
  • Rabies / mortality*
  • Rabies / veterinary
  • Young Adult