An improved and robust DNA immunization method to develop antibodies against extracellular loops of multi-transmembrane proteins

MAbs. 2014 Jan-Feb;6(1):95-107. doi: 10.4161/mabs.26761.

Abstract

Multi-transmembrane proteins are especially difficult targets for antibody generation largely due to the challenge of producing a protein that maintains its native conformation in the absence of a stabilizing membrane. Here, we describe an immunization strategy that successfully resulted in the identification of monoclonal antibodies that bind specifically to extracellular epitopes of a 12 transmembrane protein, multi-drug resistant protein 4 (MRP4). These monoclonal antibodies were developed following hydrodynamic tail vein immunization with a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-based plasmid expressing MRP4 cDNA and were characterized by flow cytometry. As expected, the use of the immune modulators fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor positively enhanced the immune response against MRP4. Imaging studies using CMV-based plasmids expressing luciferase showed that the in vivo half-life of the target antigen was less than 48 h using CMV-based plasmids, thus necessitating frequent boosting with DNA to achieve an adequate immune response. We also describe a comparison of plasmids, which contained MRP4 cDNA with either the CMV or CAG promoters, used for immunizations. The observed luciferase activity in this comparison demonstrated that the CAG promoter-containing plasmid pCAGGS induced prolonged constitutive expression of MRP4 and an increased anti-MRP4 specific immune response even when the plasmid was injected less frequently. The method described here is one that can be broadly applicable as a general immunization strategy to develop antibodies against multi-transmembrane proteins, as well as target antigens that are difficult to express or purify in native and functionally active conformation.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies / immunology*
  • Cell Line
  • DNA, Complementary / immunology
  • DNA, Complementary / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Immunization*
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins / biosynthesis
  • Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins / genetics
  • Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins / immunology*
  • Plasmids* / immunology
  • Plasmids* / pharmacology
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Vaccines, DNA* / immunology
  • Vaccines, DNA* / pharmacology

Substances

  • Abcc4 protein, mouse
  • Antibodies
  • DNA, Complementary
  • Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins
  • Vaccines, DNA