A rigorously conducted cohort study published in this edition of the American Journal of Gastroenterology shows that the use of a proton-pump inhibitor is not associated with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized patients. This contradicts the findings of previous studies that, however, were at a high risk of bias. Where does the truth lie? Regardless of the answer, it is important that proton-pump inhibitors, not dissimilar to any other drug, are used appropriately.