Preparation and application of graphene-poly (diallyldimethylammoniumchloride)-iron oxide nanoparticles buckypaper for hydrogen peroxide detection

J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2013 Nov;13(11):7349-57. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7862.

Abstract

We have reported the preparation and characterization of a novel, freestanding, paper-like graphene (G)-poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride) (PDDA)-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) composite. This G-based flexible buckypaper (BP) composed of stacked G-PDDA-NP platelets exhibited excellent mechanical properties, superior electrical properties, and enzyme mimetic activity, making it potentially suitable for in electrochemical sensor applications. The negatively charged NPs were immobilized on positively charged G-PDDA through the electrostatic interaction to form nanoscale G-PDDA-NP platelets, which were further assembled by flow-directed assembly to form BP. The resulting BP has macroscopic flexibility and stiffness due to the van der Waals forces between nanoscale G-PDDA-NP platelets and interlocking-tile arrangement of the platelets. The morphology and structure of the individual G-PDDA-NP platelets and the resulting BP were analyzed by using AFM, SEM and EDX. The BP was attached to an Au or Pt electrode to construct a non-enzyme H2O2 chemical sensor. The NPs acted as a "spacer" to increase the distance between the G sheets and decrease the chances of formation of a stacked graphitic structure, thereby increasing the surface area of the G electrode. The Fe3O4 NPs immobilized and embedded in the BP have intrinsic enzyme mimetic activity like natural peroxidase. The high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity of G improved the catalytic properties of NPs. The obtained H2O2, chemical sensor exhibited prominent electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2, with a wide linear range from 10 ppm (approximately 0.3 mM) to 800 ppm (approximately 23 mM), correlation coefficient of 0.986, and a high sensitivity of 218 microA mM(-1) x cm(-2). Such low-cost G-PDDA-NP composite BPs prepared by facile methods pave way towards novel sensors with better performance.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Conductometry / instrumentation*
  • Equipment Design
  • Equipment Failure Analysis
  • Graphite / chemistry*
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / analysis*
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration*
  • Magnetite Nanoparticles / chemistry*
  • Magnetite Nanoparticles / ultrastructure
  • Microchemistry / instrumentation
  • Microelectrodes
  • Nanotubes, Carbon / chemistry*
  • Nanotubes, Carbon / ultrastructure
  • Polyethylenes / chemistry*
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / chemistry*

Substances

  • Magnetite Nanoparticles
  • Nanotubes, Carbon
  • Polyethylenes
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
  • poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride
  • Graphite
  • Hydrogen Peroxide