The article observes the results obtained by different electrophysiological methods in a variety of diseases: cataracts (192 eyes with different lens density measured objectively), antiphospholipid syndrome (50 patients with primary and secondary forms of the disease), different non-glaucomatous optic neuropathies (188 eyes), visual analyzer impairment of unknown etiology (85 eyes). Threshold of electrical sensitivity, lability of visual analyzer, and retinocortical conduction time can be measured regardless of cataract maturity and lens opacification intensity. The appearance of Ganzfeld electroretinogram, high-frequency rhythmical electroretinogram, macular electroretinogram, and flash visual evoked potentials alters with cataract development, thus complicating their interpretation. Different electrophysiological methods can be successfully combined to facilitate recognition of antiphospholipid syndrome, its differential diagnostics and monitoring. Evaluation of visual evoked potentials is crucial for an immediate and accurate diagnosis in patients with optic neuropathies. In complicated cases multifocal electroretinography and registration of multifocal visual evoked potentials can help differentiate retinal pathology with involvement of more proximal visual structures and, for the purpose of precise diagnosis, develop the most rational algorithm of further examination.