Approximately 75% of patients with advanced ovarian cancer will have a recurrence of their disease within the first 3 years after upfront surgery and paclitaxel-carboplatin-based chemotherapy. An optimal choice of treatment of patients with a recurrence is an important issue, and several factors should be taken into account in this decision-making, including disease, patients, and treatment. Fortunately, we have several strategies that can be of help not only with respect to palliation, but also in terms of survival benefit. Apart from surgery, which will be reviewed in another article of this series, different single cytotoxic agents and combinations and, more recently, the addition of antiangiogenic agents have shown that they can have impact on progression-free survival and, for some strategies, on the overall survival in such patients. In this review, we present an update of the clinical trials that have led to these achievements.