Abstract
According to a compelling body of evidence anesthetic preconditioning (APC) attenuates the deleterious consequences of ischemia-reperfusion and protects the heart through a mechanism similar to ischemic preconditioning. The present study was purported to investigate the intracellular signaling pathways activated in human myocardium in response to a preconditioning protocol with two different volatile anesthetics, namely isoflurane and sevoflurane. To this aim, phosphorylation of PKCα and -δ, ERK1/2, Akt, and GSK3β was determined at the end of the APC protocol, in human atrial samples harvested from patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The results demonstrate that preconditioning with volatile anesthetics triggers the activation of PKCδ and -α isoforms and of prosurvival kinases, ERK1/2, and Akt, while inhibiting their downstream target GSK3β during the memory phase.
MeSH terms
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Aged
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Anesthetics, General / administration & dosage
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Anesthetics, General / pharmacology*
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Anesthetics, Inhalation / pharmacology
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism
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Female
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / metabolism
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
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Heart / drug effects*
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Humans
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Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / methods*
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Isoflurane / pharmacology
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Male
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Methyl Ethers / pharmacology
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Middle Aged
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Myocardial Ischemia / prevention & control*
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Phosphorylation
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Pilot Projects
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Protein Kinase C-alpha / metabolism
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Protein Kinase C-delta / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
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Sevoflurane
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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Thoracic Surgery
Substances
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Anesthetics, General
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Anesthetics, Inhalation
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Methyl Ethers
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Sevoflurane
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Isoflurane
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GSK3B protein, human
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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PRKCA protein, human
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Protein Kinase C-alpha
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Protein Kinase C-delta
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3