Pancreatic injuries in earthquake victims: what have we learnt?

Pancreatology. 2013 Nov-Dec;13(6):605-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Oct 16.

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristic and management of patients with pancreatic injuries from the Wen-Chuan and Lu-Shan earthquakes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 39,784 patients from the Wen-Chuan earthquake and 1489 from the Lu-Shan earthquake. The demographics, clinical data, treatment strategies, and outcomes of patients with pancreatic injuries were recorded and compared between survivors of the two earthquakes.

Results: Pancreatic injury occurred only in a small proportion (0.2%) in patients with trauma on admission, and most (61%) patients had Grades I-II pancreatic injuries. Blunt trauma was the leading cause of pancreatic trauma. Most patients (95%) suffered multiple injuries, of which chest injuries (61%) were the most common. Elevated serum amylase levels were observed in 50 (86%) of 58 patients, and computed tomography (CT) identified pancreatic injuries in 32 (80%) of 40 patients. A significantly higher rate (p = 0.043) of pancreatic complication was present in patients with Grade III and IV injuries (38%) than in those with Grade I and II injuries (18%). Forty patients were initially treated by conservative management with 6 (15%) requiring delayed operations. Four (67%) pancreatic complications and 2 (33%) deaths occurred in patients with delayed operations.

Conclusions: Repeated serum amylase analysis, CT, and laparoscopic exploration were reliable diagnostic modalities to diagnose pancreatic injury. Conservative management was safe in patients with Grade I and II injuries. Delayed operation, especially for Grade III patients, resulted in increased morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: Earthquake; Injury; Pancreas.

MeSH terms

  • Abdominal Injuries / epidemiology
  • Abdominal Injuries / therapy*
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Child
  • China / epidemiology
  • Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde
  • Drainage
  • Earthquakes*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Injury Severity Score
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multiple Trauma / epidemiology
  • Multiple Trauma / therapy
  • Pancreas / diagnostic imaging
  • Pancreas / injuries*
  • Pancreas / surgery
  • Pancreatectomy
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Complications / therapy
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Ultrasonography
  • Young Adult