Plumbagin induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer cells

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528415, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
• ² Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528415, China.
• ³ Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China.
• ⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
• ⁶ Center of Drug Evaluation and Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
• ⁷ Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
• ⁸ School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
• ⁹ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
• ¹¹ Medical Research Center, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces (CAPF), 69 Yongding Road, Beijing 100039, China.
• ¹² Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ¹³ Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Immunology, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia; Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
• ¹⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China. Electronic address: [email protected].