Purpose: The goal of complex tasks can be maintained despite variability in the movements of the multiple body segments involved in the task (VAR(elements)). This variability increases in acute pain and may enable the nervous system to search for less painful/injurious movement options. It is unclear whether VAR(elements) increases when pain challenges simple tasks with fewer movement options, yet maintain successful attainment of the goal. We hypothesised that during acute pain related to a simple movement: (1) the task goal would be maintained; (2) VAR(elements) would be increased; and (3) if VAR(elements) increased during pain, it would decrease over time.
Methods: Movements of the right wrist/forearm were recorded with a three-dimensional motion analysis system and during a repetitive radial-ulnar deviation task between two target angle ranges (the task goal). We measured success of attaining the goal (repetitions that reached the target range and total absolute error in degrees), and variability in the motion of wrist flexion-extension and forearm pronation-supination (VAR(elements)). Fourteen healthy participants performed the task in one session before, during, and after wrist extensor muscle pain induced with hypertonic saline, and in another session without pain.
Results: The task goal was maintained during acute pain. However, VAR(elements) in other motion planes either reduced (pronation-supination) or did not change (flexion-extension). Thus, variability of task elements is constrained, rather than increased, in simple tasks.
Conclusions: These data suggest the nervous system adapts simple tasks with limited degrees of freedom by reduction of VAR(elements) rather than the increase observed for more complex tasks.