Solid tumor second primary neoplasms: who is at risk, what can we do?

Semin Oncol. 2013 Dec;40(6):676-89. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2013.09.012.

Abstract

Eighteen percent of incident malignancies in the United States are a second (or subsequent) cancer. Second primary neoplasms (SPNs), particularly solid tumors, are a major cause of mortality and serious morbidity among cancer survivors successfully cured of their first cancer. Multiple etiologies may lead to a cancer survivor subsequently being diagnosed with an SPN, including radiotherapy for the first cancer, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, genetic factors, aging, or an interaction between any of these factors. In this article, we discuss these factors and synthesize this information for use in clinical practice, including preventive strategies and screening recommendations for SPNs.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / adverse effects
  • Breast Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Breast Neoplasms / etiology
  • Breast Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / epidemiology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / etiology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / prevention & control
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / etiology
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Female
  • Gene-Environment Interaction
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / etiology
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Hodgkin Disease / radiotherapy
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / epidemiology
  • Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / etiology*
  • Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / prevention & control
  • Neoplasms, Second Primary / epidemiology
  • Neoplasms, Second Primary / etiology*
  • Neoplasms, Second Primary / prevention & control
  • Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary
  • Radiotherapy / adverse effects*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Risk Reduction Behavior
  • Skin Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Skin Neoplasms / etiology
  • Skin Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Smoking / adverse effects
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
  • Stomach Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Stomach Neoplasms / etiology
  • Stomach Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / etiology
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • United States

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating