Metastasizing Ameloblastoma - a perennial pathological enigma? Report of a case and review of literature

J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014 Sep;42(6):772-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.11.009. Epub 2013 Nov 15.

Abstract

The Ameloblastoma is a slow growing locally invasive odontogenic epithelial neoplasm with a high recurrence rate and a low tendency to metastasize. Metastasis in Ameloblastoma was first described by Simmons and Emura in the 1920s. Slootweg and Muller proposed the term Malignant Ameloblastoma to describe a well-differentiated ameloblastoma that metastasizes but maintains the characteristic cytologic features of the original tumour and the term Ameloblastic Carcinoma to an ameloblastoma with malignant cytological features. About 2% of ameloblastomas undergo metastasis. So far there have only been two cases of Metastasizing Ameloblastoma reported from the Indian Subcontinent. We present the case of a 22-year-old male Indian patient, who presented with a diffuse swelling in the left posterior mandible. Radiographs revealed a multilocular radiolucency in the left mandible. On histopathological examination, the lesion was diagnosed as follicular ameloblastoma. Four years later the patient presented with a swelling in the left submandibular region. Histological examination revealed metastatic ameloblastoma within the cervical lymph node.

Keywords: Ameloblastoma; Malignant Ameloblastoma; Metastases.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Ameloblastoma / pathology
  • Ameloblastoma / secondary*
  • Biopsy / methods
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Lymphatic Metastasis / diagnosis*
  • Male
  • Mandibular Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Radiography, Panoramic / methods
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods
  • Young Adult