Introduction: This study aimed to determine compliance with noninvasive home ventilation in children with obstructive sleep apnoea and the factors affecting this compliance.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 51 children who were prescribed noninvasive home ventilation for the management of obstructive sleep apnoea from 1 January 2000 until 31 May 2008. Noninvasive ventilation was started based on positive polysomnogram, i.e. obstructive apnoea hypopnea index ≥ 1/hr. Compliance was defined as the use of noninvasive ventilation ≥ 4 days/week.
Results: Noninvasive home ventilation was started at a median age of 11.5 years. In all, 21 (41.2 %) children were reported to be compliant with treatment. Univariate analysis revealed that the female gender (p = 0.017), presence of asthma (p = 0.023), presence of genetic syndromes (p = 0.023), use of bi-level ventilation versus continuous positive airway pressure (p = 0.027), and funding from the social work department (p = 0.049) were associated with compliance with noninvasive home ventilation. Logistic regression revealed the presence of asthma (p = 0.008) and female gender (p = 0.047) to be significantly associated with compliance with treatment. However, factors such as counselling prior to initiation of treatment, severity of obstructive sleep apnoea before initiation of treatment, obesity, use of humidification, and polysomnogram indices were not found to be associated with treatment compliance.
Conclusion: Only 41.2% of the children in this study were reported to be compliant with noninvasive home ventilation. The female gender and the presence of asthma were associated with treatment compliance. Future research focusing on effective methods to improve compliance with noninvasive home ventilation in children should be undertaken.