Dendritic cell-based vaccines: Shining the spotlight on signal 3

Dendritic cell (DC)-based anticancer vaccines have yielded disappointing results in a multitude of clinical trials. New data suggest that the clinical efficacy of DC-based vaccines may be dependent on the paracrine production of interleukin-12 in the course of antigen presentation and the consequent development of therapeutic Type 1 CD8⁺ T-cell immunity.