Identification of nitrated tyrosine residues of protein kinase G-Iα by mass spectrometry

Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014 Feb;406(5):1387-96. doi: 10.1007/s00216-013-7535-4. Epub 2014 Jan 23.

Abstract

The nitration of tyrosine to 3-nitrotyrosine is an oxidative modification of tyrosine by nitric oxide and is associated with many diseases, and targeting of protein kinase G (PKG)-I represents a potential therapeutic strategy for pulmonary hypertension and chronic pain. The direct assignment of tyrosine residues of PKG-I has remained to be made due to the low sensitivity of the current proteomic approach. In order to assign modified tyrosine residues of PKG-I, we nitrated purified PKG-Iα expressed in insect Sf9 cells by use of peroxynitrite in vitro and analyzed the trypsin-digested fragments by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Among the 21 tyrosine residues of PKG-Iα, 16 tyrosine residues were assigned in 13 fragments; and six tyrosine residues were nitrated, those at Y71, Y141, Y212, Y336, Y345, and Y567, in the peroxynitrite-treated sample. Single mutation of tyrosine residues at Y71, Y212, and Y336 to phenylalanine significantly reduced the nitration of PKG-Iα; and four mutations at Y71, Y141, Y212, and Y336 (Y4F mutant) reduced it additively. PKG-Iα activity was inhibited by peroxynitrite in a concentration-dependent manner from 30 μM to 1 mM, and this inhibition was attenuated in the Y4F mutant. These results demonstrated that PKG-Iα was nitrated at multiple tyrosine residues and that its activity was reduced by nitration of these residues.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Baculoviridae / genetics
  • Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I / chemistry*
  • Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I / genetics
  • Gene Expression
  • Humans
  • Kinetics
  • Mutation
  • Nitrates / chemistry
  • Nitric Oxide / chemistry
  • Peptide Fragments / analysis*
  • Peroxynitrous Acid
  • Phenylalanine / chemistry
  • Phenylalanine / genetics
  • Recombinant Proteins / chemistry*
  • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
  • Sf9 Cells
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
  • Spodoptera
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry
  • Trypsin / chemistry
  • Tyrosine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Tyrosine / chemistry*
  • Tyrosine / genetics

Substances

  • Nitrates
  • Peptide Fragments
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Peroxynitrous Acid
  • Nitric Oxide
  • 3-nitrotyrosine
  • Tyrosine
  • Phenylalanine
  • Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I
  • Trypsin