The results of pulmonary artery banding in 144 patients seen from 1971 to 1984 were reviewed. Age ranged from 1 week to 4 years (median, 8 weeks) and weight, from 1.1 to 16 kg (median, 4 kg). The patients were divided into three major groups: Group 1, defects without mixing disorders (ventricular septal defect, double-outlet right ventricle [DORV], atrioventricular septal defect); Group 2, defects with mixing disorders (transposition of the great arteries, DORV, single ventricle, tricuspid atresia); and Group 3, miscellaneous (mitral atresia, left ventricular hypoplasia, truncus complex). The diagnostic group influenced survival (p = 0.0035). In Group 1, 88.8% survived, but only 64.9% survived in Groups 2 and 3 combined. The presence of patent ductus arteriosus or coarctation of the aorta had no effect on survival (p = 0.61 and p = 0.7, respectively). The clinical condition at thirty days after pulmonary artery banding was good in 35.1% and fair in 46.9% of the patients. When the data were divided into the three periods 1971 through 1974, 1975 through 1979, and 1980 through 1984, which included 28, 49, and 67 patients, respectively, a significant improvement in survival was observed from the early (64.3%) to the late period (92.5%) (p = 0.0009). Patients weighing less than 4 kg had a significantly lower survival in the period 1971 through 1974 (37.5% versus 91.67%). No significant difference in survival was detected in the late period, 1980 to 1984 (90% versus 94.6%), between patients weighing less than and those weighing more than 4 kg. Pulmonary artery banding is clinically satisfactory in small infants and children with complex anomalies.