Increased risk of thromboembolism in esophageal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Am J Surg. 2014 Aug;208(2):215-21. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.10.031. Epub 2014 Jan 23.

Abstract

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in esophageal cancer (EC) patients may increase the formation of thromboembolic events (TEEs). We analyzed the incidence and impact of TEEs in EC patients treated with platinum-based CRT.

Methods: A total of 336 patients with EC underwent an esophagectomy, of which 110 patients received neoadjuvant CRT (41.4 Gy with concurrent Carboplatin/Paclitaxel). Patients were matched based on pre- and perioperative characteristics.

Results: Preoperatively, 9 (8.2%) patients with neoadjuvant CRT (P = .004) were diagnosed with TEEs. Despite delay until surgery (P = .021), the postoperative course did not differ. In multivariate analysis, a history of deep vein thrombosis (P = .005) and neoadjuvant CRT (P = .004) were identified as risk factors. Postoperatively, there were no differences in TEEs (P = .560) observed. In multivariate analysis, a history of pulmonary embolism (P = .012) was identified as a risk factor for postoperative TEEs.

Conclusions: Preoperatively, EC patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT have an increased risk to develop a TEE, especially those with a previous history of TEE. After surgery no increased incidence was observed. We recommend secondary prophylaxis during neoadjuvant treatment in this high-risk group.

Keywords: Esophageal cancer; Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; Thromboembolic events.

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma / diagnostic imaging
  • Adenocarcinoma / surgery*
  • Adenocarcinoma / therapy*
  • Aged
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Carboplatin / therapeutic use
  • Chemoradiotherapy / adverse effects*
  • Endosonography
  • Esophageal Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Esophageal Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Esophageal Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Esophagectomy
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Neoadjuvant Therapy
  • Paclitaxel / therapeutic use
  • Radiotherapy Dosage
  • Thromboembolism / epidemiology
  • Thromboembolism / etiology*
  • Thromboembolism / prevention & control

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Carboplatin
  • Paclitaxel