Anti-inflammatory activity of a methanol extract from Ardisia tinctoria on mouse macrophages and paw edema

Mol Med Rep. 2014 Apr;9(4):1388-94. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1941. Epub 2014 Feb 10.

Abstract

Ardisia tinctoria (AT) is a plant of the Myrsinaceae family. No studies on its anti-inflammatory effects have yet been reported. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of AT. A non-cytotoxic methanol extract of AT inhibited the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), leading to significantly reduced levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and of two proteins regulated by these, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The thickness of paw edema induced in vivo in mice by carrageenan administration was effectively reduced by the AT extract. Translocation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) subunit 65 (p65) into the nucleus and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) were inhibited by the AT extract. Our results indicated that a methanol extract of AT downregulates the inflammatory response by blocking phosphorylation of MEK and ERK and activation of NF-κB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of anti-inflammatory effects of an AT extract, and demonstrates its potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology*
  • Ardisia / chemistry*
  • Carrageenan
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Nucleus / drug effects
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
  • Dinoprostone / biosynthesis
  • Edema / metabolism
  • Edema / pathology*
  • Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism
  • Extremities / pathology*
  • Female
  • Interleukin-1beta / metabolism
  • Interleukin-6 / metabolism
  • Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology
  • Macrophages / drug effects
  • Macrophages / enzymology
  • Macrophages / metabolism*
  • Macrophages / pathology
  • Methanol
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / metabolism
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • Nitric Oxide / biosynthesis
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
  • Protein Transport / drug effects

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Interleukin-1beta
  • Interleukin-6
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • NF-kappa B
  • Plant Extracts
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Carrageenan
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
  • Ptgs2 protein, mouse
  • Cyclooxygenase 2
  • Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
  • Dinoprostone
  • Methanol