We investigated the genetic basis for the increased adenosine deaminase (ADA) expression in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). We found a correlation between the levels of ADA-specific mRNA and ADA immunoreactive protein in ATL. Southern blot analysis revealed no gene amplification or rearrangement of the ADA gene. These findings indicate that increased ADA expression in ATL cells reflects increased transcriptional activity for the ADA gene or increased stability of ADA mRNA.