Distortion/Interaction analysis reveals the origins of selectivities in iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation of substituted arenes and 5-membered heterocycles

J Am Chem Soc. 2014 Mar 26;136(12):4575-83. doi: 10.1021/ja411699u. Epub 2014 Mar 13.

Abstract

The iridium-catalyzed borylation of mono- and disubstituted arenes and heteroarenes has been studied with density functional theory. The distortion/interaction model was employed to understand the origins of selectivities in these reactions. Computations revealed that the transition states for C-H oxidative addition are very late, resembling the aryl iridium hydride intermediate with a fully formed Ir-C bond. Consequently, the regioselectivity is mainly controlled by differences in the interaction energies between the iridium catalyst and arene carbon.