CMTM3 inhibits human testicular cancer cell growth through inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis

PLoS One. 2014 Feb 28;9(2):e88965. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088965. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Human CMTM3 has been proposed as a putative tumor suppressor gene. The loss of CMTM3 has been found in several carcinomas. However, the regulation of CMTM3 expression and its function in tumor progression remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the regulation of CMTM3 expression, function and molecular mechanism in human testicular cancer cells. CMTM3 was frequently downregulated or silenced in testicular cancer cell lines and tumor tissues but highly expressed in normal testis tissues. The re-expression of CMTM3 significantly suppressed the colony formation, proliferation, and migration capacity of testicular cancer cells by inducing a G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, the re-expression of CMTM3 activated the transcription of p53, induced p53 accumulation, up-regulated the expression of p21, and increased the cleavage of caspase 9, 8, 3, and PARP. The downregulation of CMTM3 in clinical tumor tissues was associated with the methylation of a single CpG site located within the Sp1/Sp3-responsive region of the core promoter. These results indicate that CMTM3 can function as tumor suppressor through the induction of a G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. CMTM3 is thus involved in testicular cancer pathogenesis, and it is frequently at least partially silenced by the methylation of a single, specific CpG site in tumor tissues.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Apoptosis / genetics
  • Apoptosis / physiology
  • Blotting, Western
  • Cell Cycle Checkpoints / genetics
  • Cell Cycle Checkpoints / physiology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Chemokines / genetics
  • Chemokines / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins / genetics
  • MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Testicular Neoplasms / genetics
  • Testicular Neoplasms / metabolism*

Substances

  • CMTM3 protein, human
  • Chemokines
  • MARVEL Domain-Containing Proteins

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2014CD745200, http://www.973.gov.cn/AreaAppl.aspx), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81272840, http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/Portal0/default152.htm), and the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81201579, http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/Portal0/default152.htm). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.