Invasive and noninvasive methods to diagnose portal hypertension and esophageal varices

Clin Liver Dis. 2014 May;18(2):293-302. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2013.12.002. Epub 2014 Feb 25.

Abstract

Assessing the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension and esophageal varices is clinically important in cirrhosis. The reference standard techniques to assess the presence of portal hypertension and varices are the measurement of the hepatic vein pressure gradient and esophagogastroduodenoscopy, respectively. Some newer methods have shown a good performance, but none has been proven precise enough to replace hepatic vein pressure gradient measurement or esophagogastroduodenoscopy for the diagnosis of portal hypertension or the presence and grade of esophageal varices.

Keywords: Esophageal varices; Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; Hepatic vein pressure gradient; Portal hypertension; Transient elastography.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Capsule Endoscopy
  • Elasticity Imaging Techniques
  • Endoscopy, Digestive System
  • Esophageal and Gastric Varices / diagnosis*
  • Esophageal and Gastric Varices / physiopathology
  • Hepatic Veins / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Hypertension, Portal / diagnosis*
  • Hypertension, Portal / physiopathology
  • Liver / physiopathology
  • Liver Cirrhosis / physiopathology
  • Portal Pressure
  • Spleen / physiopathology
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed