Intrathecal tramadol versus intrathecal fentanyl for visceral pain control during bupivacaine subarachnoid block for open appendicectomy

Niger J Clin Pract. 2014 May-Jun;17(3):324-30. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.130234.

Abstract

Context: Profound side-effects following intrathecal use of local anesthetics as the sole drugs of choice make spinal anesthesia for open appendicectomy uncommon.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intra-operative analgesia produced by intrathecal tramadol and fentanyl during bupivacaine spinal anesthesia for open appendicectomy.

Settings and design: A prospective randomized study was performed.

Materials and methods: A total of 186 American Society of Anesthesiologists 1 or 11 patients scheduled for emergency open appendicectomy were analyzed. Group FB ( n = 62) received intrathecal fentanyl 25 μg plus 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, Group SB ( n = 62) received 0.5 ml normal saline plus 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and Group TB ( n = 62) received intrathecal tramadol 25 mg plus 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Visual analog scale scores and frequency of subjective symptoms among patients in the three groups formed the primary outcome measure of this study.

Results: Effective intraoperative sensory block was achieved in 100% of patients in group FB and TB while 29 (46.8%) patients in group SB had ineffective sensory block ( P = 0.0001). The pain free period was significantly longer in patients in Group FB than Group SB and TB. Mean time for Group FB with regard to first analgesic request was 304.73 ± 67.91 min, Group SB was 146.59 ± 36.62 and Group TB was 238.39 ± 61.28 min. Incidence of complications were comparable among the three groups.

Conclusion: This study showed that intrathecal tramadol (25 mg) can safely replace intrathecal fentanyl (25 μg) in the management of visceral pain and discomfort during subarachnoid block for appendicectomy.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage
  • Analgesics, Opioid / adverse effects
  • Analysis of Variance
  • Anesthetics / administration & dosage
  • Anesthetics / adverse effects
  • Appendectomy / methods*
  • Bupivacaine / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Fentanyl / administration & dosage*
  • Fentanyl / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Injections, Spinal
  • Intraoperative Complications / drug therapy
  • Intraoperative Complications / etiology
  • Male
  • Nerve Block / adverse effects*
  • Nerve Block / methods
  • Pain Management / methods
  • Prospective Studies
  • Tramadol / administration & dosage*
  • Tramadol / adverse effects
  • Visceral Pain / drug therapy*

Substances

  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Anesthetics
  • Tramadol
  • Fentanyl
  • Bupivacaine