Abstract
Angiogenesis is a very complex physiological process, which involves multiple pathways that are dependent on the homeostatic balance between the growth factors (stimulators and inhibitors). This tightly controlled process is stimulated by angiogenic factors, which are present within the tumor and surrounding tumor-associated stromal cells. The dependence of tumor propagation, invasion and metastasis on angiogenesis makes the inhibitors of new blood vessel formation attractive drugs for treating the malignancies. Angiogenesis can be disrupted by several distinct mechanisms: by inhibiting endothelial cells, by interrupting the signaling pathways or by inhibiting other activators of angiogenesis. This strategy has shown therapeutic benefit in several types of solid tumors, leading to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of anti-angiogenic agents in the treatment of kidney, non-small cell lung, colon and brain cancers. Although no angiogenesis inhibitors have been approved for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, therapies that target new blood vessel formation are still an emerging and promising area of prostate cancer research.
Publication types
-
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
-
Review
MeSH terms
-
Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
-
Anilides / therapeutic use
-
Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
-
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use
-
Bevacizumab
-
Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
-
Humans
-
Indoles / therapeutic use
-
Lenalidomide
-
Male
-
Neovascularization, Pathologic / drug therapy
-
Niacinamide / analogs & derivatives
-
Niacinamide / therapeutic use
-
Phenylurea Compounds / therapeutic use
-
Prostatic Neoplasms / blood supply*
-
Prostatic Neoplasms / drug therapy*
-
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / blood supply
-
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant / drug therapy
-
Pyridines / therapeutic use
-
Pyrroles / therapeutic use
-
Quinazolines / therapeutic use
-
Quinolines / therapeutic use
-
Quinolones
-
Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / therapeutic use
-
Recombinant Fusion Proteins / therapeutic use
-
Sorafenib
-
Sunitinib
-
Thalidomide / analogs & derivatives
-
Thalidomide / therapeutic use
Substances
-
Angiogenesis Inhibitors
-
Anilides
-
Antibodies, Monoclonal
-
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
-
Indoles
-
Phenylurea Compounds
-
Pyridines
-
Pyrroles
-
Quinazolines
-
Quinolines
-
Quinolones
-
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
-
aflibercept
-
cabozantinib
-
Niacinamide
-
Bevacizumab
-
Thalidomide
-
tasquinimod
-
Sorafenib
-
Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
-
Lenalidomide
-
cediranib
-
Sunitinib
-
trebananib
-
carotuximab