Large pleural effusions causing cardiac tamponade: a case report and review of the literature

Conn Med. 2014 Mar;78(3):149-52.

Abstract

Hemodynamically significant cardiac tamponade physiology is an uncommon complication of a large pleural effusion. Previous reports have shown that this physiology can be reversed with thoracentesis. We describe a case of a 69-year-old man with multiple cardiac risk factors presenting with decompensated congestive heart failure and unstable angina. A coronary stent was placed in the left anterior descending artery. Two days postprocedure, he became unresponsive and hemodynamically unstable. A chest x-ray (CXR) revealed bilateral large-sized pleural effusions with transthoracic echocardiography demonstrating a small pericardial effusion, large right pleural effusion, and evidence of cardiac tamponade. A right thoracentesis was performed, draining almost 1,000ml of fluid and resulting in a rapid improvement of his hemodynamic profile.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Cardiac Tamponade / etiology*
  • Comorbidity
  • Echocardiography
  • Heart / diagnostic imaging
  • Hemodynamics
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Pleural Effusion / complications*
  • Radiography
  • Risk Factors