Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1/FLT1) and 2 (VEGFR2/KDR) involves receptor dimerization. Formation of VEGFR dimer has so far not been visualized in single intact cells. In the present study we describe different optical assays which can be used to observe dimerization of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BIFC) assays confirmed homo,- and heterodimerization of transfected receptors. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) techniques in living and fixed CHO-K1 cells allowed observation of VEGFR1 homodimer,- and VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 heterodimer formation after ligand stimulation. After inhibition of ligand binding by the VEGFA JH121 antibody VEGFR1 homodimerization was completely abolished. Under the same conditions, cells transfected by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 maintained relevant receptor heterodimerization. These techniques to monitor VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 homo- and heterodimerization in living and fixed cells may help in the search for new angiogenesis-directed inhibitors of VEGFR dimerization.
Keywords: BIFC; FLT1; FRET; KDR; VEGF; VEGFR1; VEGFR2; dimerization; vascular endothelial growth factor receptors.