Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligands inhibit VEGF-mediated vasculogenic mimicry of prostate cancer through the AKT signaling pathway

Mol Med Rep. 2014 Jul;10(1):276-82. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2198. Epub 2014 Apr 29.

Abstract

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) describes functional vascular channels composed only of tumor cells and its presence predicts a poor prognosis for patients with prostate cancer. The present study demonstrated that prostate cancer PC-3 cells were able to form a patterned matrix or tubular VM in 3D cultures in vitro and rosiglitazone (RSG), the ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and effectively inhibited the formation of VM structures in a dose- and PPARγ‑dependent manner. In addition, RSG significantly inhibited prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. The inhibitory effect of RSG on VM formation could be at least partially explained by an RSG-driven downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and phosphorylation of AKT, which is known to be important in VM. Furthermore, the present study highlighted that VEGF and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway exert a positive feedback regulation in the process of VM formation. These findings reveal new therapeutic potential for PPARγ ligands in anti‑cancer therapy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Culture Techniques
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement / drug effects
  • Down-Regulation / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Male
  • Neovascularization, Pathologic
  • PPAR gamma / agonists*
  • PPAR gamma / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism*
  • Recombinant Proteins / biosynthesis
  • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Proteins / pharmacology
  • Rosiglitazone
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects*
  • Thiazolidinediones / pharmacology*
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / genetics
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Ligands
  • PPAR gamma
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Thiazolidinediones
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Rosiglitazone
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt