Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the most common conditions in the elderly. Most of MGD patients undergoing cataract surgery were found to have significant dry eye symptoms and ocular surface disease. The severe cases with ocular surface disease are also at higher risk of postoperative complications, namely infections and corneal ulcers. To improve the operation effect and achieve the best visual outcome and life quality in cataract patients, it is important to evaluate the ocular surface and meibomian glands in MGD patients preoperatively, pay attention to the intraoperative care and detect the postoperative complications carefully and use medicine properly.