Diagnostic challenges in otogenic brain abscesses

Dan Med J. 2014 Jun;61(6):A4849.

Abstract

Introduction: Otogenic brain abscess (OBA) is a rare complication to otitis media, but one with a potentially devastating outcome. Early diagnosis of OBA is crucial for successful treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of OBA in a Danish population and to describe its clinical manifestation, management and outcome.

Material and methods: A total of 93 patients were retrospectively enrolled by diagnosis codes for brain abscess from 1999 to 2010. Records were reviewed to register age, symptoms, clinical findings, co-morbidity, imaging, microbiology and treatment.

Results: Seven were found to have had an otogenic focus of infection. The incidence of OBA was 1/million, and the mean age was 43 years, ranging from ten to 81 years. Five patients had acute otitis media and two had infectious cholesteatoma. Four had previously suffered a head trauma. The young patients presented with symptoms indicative of meningitis and the elderly patients with symptoms resembling a stroke. None of the patients were treated with antibiotics before admission to hospital. No mortalities occurred, but three had sequelae in the form of hearing loss and/or neurological impairment.

Conclusion: The OBAs manifested with symptoms mimicking meningitis in young patients and stroke in elderly patients. Absence of fever does not rule out OBA; and regardless of any present ear symptoms, an ear, nose and throat examination should be performed without delay to locate the focus of infection and to facilitate targeted treatment.

Funding: not relevant.

Trial registration: not relevant.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anti-Infective Agents / therapeutic use
  • Brain Abscess / diagnosis*
  • Brain Abscess / epidemiology*
  • Brain Abscess / etiology
  • Brain Abscess / therapy
  • Child
  • Denmark / epidemiology
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Drainage
  • Earache / etiology
  • Female
  • Headache / etiology
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Meningitis / diagnosis
  • Middle Aged
  • Otitis Media / complications*
  • Otitis Media / epidemiology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Stroke / diagnosis
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Anti-Infective Agents