Hepatic oxidative stress promotes insulin-STAT-5 signaling and obesity by inactivating protein tyrosine phosphatase N2

Cell Metab. 2014 Jul 1;20(1):85-102. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.011. Epub 2014 Jun 19.

Abstract

Hepatic insulin resistance is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Paradoxically, the development of insulin resistance in the liver is not universal, but pathway selective, such that insulin fails to suppress gluconeogenesis but promotes lipogenesis, contributing to the hyperglycemia, steatosis, and hypertriglyceridemia that underpin the deteriorating glucose control and microvascular complications in T2D. The molecular basis for the pathway-specific insulin resistance remains unknown. Here we report that oxidative stress accompanying obesity inactivates protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in the liver to activate select signaling pathways that exacerbate disease progression. In obese mice, hepatic PTPN2 (TCPTP) inactivation promoted lipogenesis and steatosis and insulin-STAT-5 signaling. The enhanced STAT-5 signaling increased hepatic IGF-1 production, which suppressed central growth hormone release and exacerbated the development of obesity and T2D. Our studies define a mechanism for the development of selective insulin resistance with wide-ranging implications for diseases characterized by oxidative stress.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Diet, High-Fat
  • Female
  • Glutathione Peroxidase / deficiency
  • Glutathione Peroxidase / genetics
  • Glutathione Peroxidase / metabolism
  • Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
  • Growth Hormone / metabolism
  • Hepatocytes / cytology
  • Hepatocytes / metabolism
  • Insulin / metabolism*
  • Insulin / pharmacology
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism
  • Liver / enzymology
  • Liver / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Obesity / metabolism
  • Obesity / pathology
  • Oxidative Stress*
  • Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2 / deficiency
  • Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2 / genetics
  • Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2 / metabolism*
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • STAT1 Transcription Factor / metabolism
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor / metabolism
  • STAT5 Transcription Factor / genetics
  • STAT5 Transcription Factor / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects

Substances

  • Insulin
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • STAT1 Transcription Factor
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor
  • STAT5 Transcription Factor
  • Stat1 protein, mouse
  • Stat3 protein, mouse
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
  • Growth Hormone
  • Glutathione Peroxidase
  • Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2
  • Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
  • Gpx1 protein, mouse