Immunological dysregulation in multiple myeloma microenvironment

Biomed Res Int. 2014:2014:198539. doi: 10.1155/2014/198539. Epub 2014 Jun 11.

Abstract

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a systemic hematologic disease due to uncontrolled proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells (PC) in bone marrow (BM). Emerging in other solid and liquid cancers, the host immune system and the microenvironment have a pivotal role for PC growth, proliferation, survival, migration, and resistance to drugs and are responsible for some clinical manifestations of MM. In MM, microenvironment is represented by the cellular component of a normal bone marrow together with extracellular matrix proteins, adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factors produced by both stromal cells and PC themselves. All these components are able to protect PC from cytotoxic effect of chemo- and radiotherapy. This review is focused on the role of immunome to sustain MM progression, the emerging role of myeloid derived suppressor cells, and their potential clinical implications as novel therapeutic target.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Bone Marrow Cells / metabolism
  • Bone Marrow Cells / pathology
  • Carcinogenesis*
  • Cell Proliferation / genetics
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology
  • Humans
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy*
  • Multiple Myeloma / genetics
  • Multiple Myeloma / immunology*
  • Multiple Myeloma / pathology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / pathology
  • Tumor Microenvironment / genetics
  • Tumor Microenvironment / immunology*