Nef-mediated down-regulation of CD4 and HLA class I in HIV-1 subtype C infection: association with disease progression and influence of immune pressure

Affiliations

• ¹ HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban 4001, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
• ² HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban 4001, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and the Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
• ³ Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6.
• ⁴ Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6.
• ⁵ Medical Research Council, Biostatistics Unit, Durban 4001, South Africa.
• ⁶ Microsoft Research, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States of America.
• ⁷ Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
• ⁸ Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Research Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
• ⁹ Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
• ¹⁰ Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership for HIV Research and Education, P/Bag BO 320, Gaborone, Botswana.
• ¹¹ Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and the Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
• ¹² Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6.
• ¹³ Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6.
• ¹⁴ HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban 4001, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: [email protected].