Genetic studies of major depressive disorder: why are there no genome-wide association study findings and what can we do about it?

Affiliations

• ¹ Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University, Stanford, California.. Electronic address: [email protected].
• ² Departments of Computer Science Stanford University, Stanford, California.
• ³ Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center , and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• ⁴ Medical Research Council Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry at King׳s College London, United Kingdom, and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, University of Granada, Section of Psychiatry, Institute of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Centre, Granada, Spain.
• ⁵ Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, and Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
• ⁶ The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
• ⁷ Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.