Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma-a missed diagnosis

J Emerg Med. 2014 Nov;47(5):520-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.139. Epub 2014 Sep 23.

Abstract

Background: Kaposi's sarcoma is significantly prevalent among men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, accounting for >90% of all cases. The early presentation of KS typically involves mucocutaneous lesions and lymphadenopathy, and more advanced disease can affect the lungs and other organs.

Objective: Our aim was to remind emergency physicians to remain suspicious of clinical presentations despite previous diagnoses or patient statements, particularly in patients with risk factors.

Case report: We present a case of a young man having skin lesions and respiratory problems remaining undiagnosed, despite, and possibly due to, multiple recent physician contacts.

Conclusions: Respiratory illnesses are common presentations in the emergency department and are typically benign and attributed to viral causes. However, the emergency physician must always be on the look out for more dangerous causes of respiratory complaints, especially in patients with risk factors and in those found to be refractory to recent treatment for more common illnesses.

Keywords: HIV-related infection; disseminated Kaposi's; missed diagnosis; pulmonary Kaposi's; respiratory infection.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Cough / etiology
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Diagnostic Errors*
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Fever / etiology
  • HIV Seropositivity / diagnosis*
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Lung Neoplasms / secondary
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Male
  • Sarcoma, Kaposi / complications
  • Sarcoma, Kaposi / diagnosis*
  • Sarcoma, Kaposi / secondary
  • Skin Neoplasms / complications
  • Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology
  • Weight Loss