Evaluation of dried blood spots collected on filter papers from three manufacturers stored at ambient temperature for application in HIV-1 drug resistance monitoring

PLoS One. 2014 Oct 10;9(10):e109060. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109060. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

As more HIV-infected people gain access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), monitoring HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) becomes essential to combat both acquired and transmitted HIVDR. Studies have demonstrated dried blood spots (DBS) are a suitable alternative in HIVDR monitoring using DBS collected on Whatman 903 (W-903). In this study, we sought to evaluate two other commercially available filter papers, Ahlstrom 226 (A-226) and Munktell TFN (M-TFN), for HIVDR genotyping following ambient temperature storage. DBS were prepared from remnant blood specimens collected from 334 ART patients and stored at ambient temperature for a median time of 30 days. HIV-1 viral load was determined using NucliSENS EasyQ® HIV-1 v2.0 RUO test kits prior to genotyping of the protease and reverse transcriptase regions of the HIV-1 pol gene using an in-house assay. Among the DBS tested, 26 specimens had a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL in all three types of filter paper and were included in the genotyping analysis. Genotyping efficiencies were similar between DBS collected on W-903 (92.3%), A-226 (88.5%), and M-TFN (92.3%) filter papers (P = 1.00). We identified 50 DR-associated mutations in DBS collected on W-903, 33 in DBS collected on A-226, and 48 in DBS collected on M-TFN, resulting in mutation detection sensitivities of 66.0% for A-226 and 88.0% for M-TFN when compared to W-903. Our data indicate that differences among filter papers may exist at this storage condition and warrant further studies evaluating filter paper type for HIVDR monitoring.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Dried Blood Spot Testing / methods*
  • Drug Resistance, Viral*
  • Filtration / methods
  • Genotype
  • HIV Infections / blood*
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy
  • HIV-1 / genetics*
  • HIV-1 / isolation & purification*
  • Humans
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutation
  • Temperature
  • Viral Load

Associated data

  • GENBANK/KM387674
  • GENBANK/KM387675
  • GENBANK/KM387676
  • GENBANK/KM387677
  • GENBANK/KM387678
  • GENBANK/KM387679
  • GENBANK/KM387680
  • GENBANK/KM387681
  • GENBANK/KM387682
  • GENBANK/KM387683
  • GENBANK/KM387684
  • GENBANK/KM387685
  • GENBANK/KM387686
  • GENBANK/KM387687
  • GENBANK/KM387688
  • GENBANK/KM387689
  • GENBANK/KM387690
  • GENBANK/KM387691
  • GENBANK/KM387692
  • GENBANK/KM387693
  • GENBANK/KM387694
  • GENBANK/KM387695
  • GENBANK/KM387696
  • GENBANK/KM387697
  • GENBANK/KM387698
  • GENBANK/KM387699
  • GENBANK/KM387700
  • GENBANK/KM387701
  • GENBANK/KM387702
  • GENBANK/KM387703
  • GENBANK/KM387704
  • GENBANK/KM387705
  • GENBANK/KM387706

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