Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Associated with T-Cell Lymphomas: Broadening our Differential for Fever of Unknown Origin

Context: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), due to the excessive activity of histiocytes and lymphocytes, is a rare but aggressive disease that typically occurs in infancy but can be seen in all ages. If left untreated, patients with HLH may live for only a few months and die from multi-organ failure.

Case report: We present two cases of HLH diagnosis. Fever, spleen, and hepatic abnormalities were noted in both cases.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis is the key and these two cases of similar etiology highlight how fever of unknown origin should force us to broaden our differential.