Statin use and breast cancer survival: a nationwide cohort study from Finland

PLoS One. 2014 Oct 20;9(10):e110231. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110231. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Recent studies have suggested that statins, an established drug group in the prevention of cardiovascular mortality, could delay or prevent breast cancer recurrence but the effect on disease-specific mortality remains unclear. We evaluated risk of breast cancer death among statin users in a population-based cohort of breast cancer patients. The study cohort included all newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in Finland during 1995-2003 (31,236 cases), identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. Information on statin use before and after the diagnosis was obtained from a national prescription database. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression method to estimate mortality among statin users with statin use as time-dependent variable. A total of 4,151 participants had used statins. During the median follow-up of 3.25 years after the diagnosis (range 0.08-9.0 years) 6,011 participants died, of which 3,619 (60.2%) was due to breast cancer. After adjustment for age, tumor characteristics, and treatment selection, both post-diagnostic and pre-diagnostic statin use were associated with lowered risk of breast cancer death (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.38-0.55 and HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.44-0.67, respectively). The risk decrease by post-diagnostic statin use was likely affected by healthy adherer bias; that is, the greater likelihood of dying cancer patients to discontinue statin use as the association was not clearly dose-dependent and observed already at low-dose/short-term use. The dose- and time-dependence of the survival benefit among pre-diagnostic statin users suggests a possible causal effect that should be evaluated further in a clinical trial testing statins' effect on survival in breast cancer patients.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Breast Neoplasms / mortality
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Finland
  • Humans
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Middle Aged
  • Survival Analysis

Substances

  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

Grants and funding

This work was supported by a post-doctoral research grant from the Finnish Cultural Foundation (http://www.skr.fi/en), a traveling grant from the Finnish Surgical Society (http://www.kirurgiyhdistys.fi/), and a working grant from the Finnish Medical Association (http://www.laaketieteensaatio.fi/fin/in_english/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.