Primary umbilical endometriosis is extremely rare, although cases secondary to previous surgery have occasionally been reported. Here, we report three cases of umbilical endometriosis: two cases with previous cesarean section and one case of primary umbilical endometriosis. The treatment of choice for umbilical endometriosis is the excision of the lesions, and we believe laparoscopic pelvic observation is a beneficial addition, as 13%-15% of umbilical endometriosis cases are accompanied by pelvic endometriosis.
Keywords: Endometriosis; laparoscopy; umbilicus.
© 2014 Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery, Asia Endosurgery Task Force and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.