Can a pressure-limited V-A shunt for obstructive uropathy really protect the kidney?

J Pediatr Surg. 2014 Dec;49(12):1831-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.09.030. Epub 2014 Nov 7.

Abstract

Background: In our fetal lamb model of lower urinary tract obstruction, a valved shunt preserves bladder function. This study investigates the effects on renal histology.

Methods: We created obstructive uropathy (OU) in 60-day gestation fetal lambs, ligating the urethra and urachus, and delivering them at term (130-145days). We compared renal histology in 4 groups: group A-OU without shunt, group B-low-pressure shunt (15-54mmH2O), group C-high-pressure shunt (95-150mmH2O). Shunts were inserted 3weeks post-obstruction. Group D were normal controls.

Results: We delivered 32 fetuses from 23 ewes: 13 fetuses in group A (9 survived), 6 fetuses in group B (5 survived), 7 fetuses in group C (5 survived), and 6 fetuses in group D. Histologically, we found renal tubular distention, vacuolated degeneration of tubular epithelial cells in 7 lambs, and cyst formation in 4 lambs in group A. There was renal tubular distention in two lambs, and cyst formation in one lamb in both groups B and C, with vacuolated degeneration of tubular epithelial cells observed in all but 1 lamb in each group.

Conclusions: V-A shunting prevents multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK). Some lambs have renal tubular distention and vacuolated degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells.

Keywords: Fetal surgery; Obstructive uropathy; Vacuolated degeneration; Vesicoamniotic shunt.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amnion / surgery*
  • Anastomosis, Surgical
  • Animals
  • Dilatation, Pathologic
  • Female
  • Fetal Diseases / pathology*
  • Fetal Diseases / surgery*
  • Humans
  • Kidney / pathology*
  • Ligation
  • Male
  • Models, Animal
  • Pressure
  • Sheep
  • Urachus / surgery
  • Urethra / surgery
  • Urethral Obstruction / pathology*
  • Urethral Obstruction / surgery*
  • Urinary Bladder / surgery*