Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of amide and urea derivatives based on the thiaplakortone A natural product scaffold

Org Biomol Chem. 2015 Feb 7;13(5):1558-70. doi: 10.1039/c4ob01849d.

Abstract

A series of amide (8–32, 40–45) and urea (33, 34, 36–39) analogues based on the thiaplakortone A natural product scaffold were synthesised and screened for in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine- and mefloquine-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum parasite lines. Several analogues displayed potent inhibition of P. falciparum growth (IC50 <500 nM) and good selectivity for P. falciparum versus human neonatal foreskin fibroblast cells (selectivity index >100). Two of these compounds, 8 and 33, exhibited good aqueous solubility and metabolic stability, and when administered subcutaneously to mice (32 mg kg(-1)), plasma concentrations remained above 0.2 μM for at least 8 h. Both 8 and 33 were well tolerated in mice after subcutaneous administration of 32 mg kg(-1) twice daily for 4 days. Using this regimen blood stage P. berghei was suppressed by 52% for 8 and 26% for 33, relative to the vehicle control.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amides / chemistry*
  • Animals
  • Antimalarials / adverse effects
  • Antimalarials / chemistry*
  • Antimalarials / pharmacokinetics
  • Antimalarials / pharmacology*
  • Atovaquone / pharmacology
  • Biological Products / chemistry*
  • Cell Line
  • Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic
  • Drug Resistance / drug effects
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Malaria / drug therapy
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Plasmodium berghei / drug effects
  • Plasmodium berghei / physiology
  • Plasmodium falciparum / drug effects
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Triazines / adverse effects
  • Triazines / chemistry*
  • Triazines / pharmacokinetics
  • Triazines / pharmacology*
  • Urea / chemistry*

Substances

  • Amides
  • Antimalarials
  • Biological Products
  • Triazines
  • thiaplakortone A
  • Urea
  • Atovaquone