Fibrinogen reduction and bleeding complications in plasma exchange, immunoadsorption and a combination of the two

Blood Purif. 2014;38(2):160-6. doi: 10.1159/000367682. Epub 2014 Dec 4.

Abstract

Background: Immunoadsorption (IAS) and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) are considered safe although fibrinogen is removed. To date no comparison of fibrinogen reduction and associated risk of bleeding in apheresis exists.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of TPE, three IAS adsorbers, and combined TPE/IAS regarding fibrinogen reduction and bleeding incidence in 67 patients (1,032 treatments).

Results: TPE and TPE/IAS reduced fibrinogen by 64 ± 11% and 58 ± 9%, leading to concentrations <100 mg/dl in 20 and 17% of treatments, respectively. IAS decreased fibrinogen less than TPE (26 ± 6%, p < 0.0001), resulting in fibrinogen concentrations <100 mg/dl in 1% of treatments. The processed volume correlated with reduction in TPE (r = 0.64, p < 0.01), but not in IAS. Bleeding occurred in 1.3% (IAS), 2.3% (TPE) and 3.1% (TPE/IAS) of treatments.

Conclusion: Hypofibrinogenemia occurs in 20% of patients after TPE and TPE/IAS, but rarely after IAS. IAS removes fibrinogen independently of volume processed. Overall, bleeding is rare in apheresis.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Female
  • Fibrinogen / isolation & purification*
  • Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Hemorrhage / prevention & control*
  • Humans
  • Immunosorbent Techniques / adverse effects
  • Immunosorbent Techniques / instrumentation*
  • Immunosorbents / chemistry
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multiple Sclerosis / pathology
  • Multiple Sclerosis / therapy
  • Myasthenia Gravis / pathology
  • Myasthenia Gravis / therapy
  • Plasma Exchange / adverse effects
  • Plasma Exchange / instrumentation*
  • Plasma Exchange / methods
  • Plasmapheresis / adverse effects
  • Plasmapheresis / instrumentation*
  • Plasmapheresis / methods
  • Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating / pathology
  • Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating / therapy
  • Retrospective Studies

Substances

  • Immunosorbents
  • Fibrinogen