Reflections on the role of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain: a shared solution for prescription opioid abuse and pain

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Clinical Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ² Office of Behavior and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ³ Office of the Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ⁴ Office of the Director, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ⁵ Office of the Director, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ⁶ Office of the Director, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ⁷ Office of the Director, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.