Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in the induction of immune responses. Adoptive transfer of autologous mature DCs loaded with tumor-associated antigens is a promising therapy for the treatment of immunogenic tumors. For a long time, its therapeutic activity was thought to depend solely on the induction of tumor-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses. More recently, DCs were shown to bidirectionally interact with innate and innate-like immune cells, including natural killer (NK), invariant natural killer T (iNKT), and γδ T cells. These effector cells can amplify responses induced by DCs via several mechanisms, including induction of DC maturation and conventional T cell priming. In addition, NK, iNKT, and γδ T cells possess cytolytic activity and can act directly on tumor cells. Therapeutic strategies targeting these innate and innate-like immune cells hence hold potential to improve current DC vaccination protocols.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Adoptive Transfer
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Animals
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Antigens, Neoplasm / genetics
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Antigens, Neoplasm / immunology*
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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Cancer Vaccines / administration & dosage
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Cancer Vaccines / genetics
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Cancer Vaccines / immunology
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Cell Communication / immunology
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Dendritic Cells / cytology
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Dendritic Cells / immunology*
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Dendritic Cells / transplantation
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
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Humans
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Immunity, Innate
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Killer Cells, Natural / cytology
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Killer Cells, Natural / immunology*
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Mice
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Neoplasms / immunology
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Neoplasms / pathology
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Neoplasms / prevention & control*
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / genetics
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / immunology
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Signal Transduction
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T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / cytology
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T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology*
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Vaccination
Substances
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Antigens, Neoplasm
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Cancer Vaccines
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta