Metabolism and Disposition of Pacritinib (SB1518), an Orally Active Janus Kinase 2 Inhibitor in Preclinical Species and Humans

Drug Metab Lett. 2015;9(1):28-47. doi: 10.2174/1872312809666150119105250.

Abstract

The ADME of Pacritinib (SB1518), an orally active JAK 2 inhibitor, was investigated in vitro and in vivo in preclinical species and humans. Pacritinib showed ~5 fold higher affinity to human plasma proteins relative to mouse in vitro. It was metabolized by human CYP3A4 in vitro, and did not significantly induce CYP3A and 1A2 in human hepatocytes. In vitro metabolism studies with mouse and human liver microsomes showed the presence of four major metabolites of Pacritinib -M1 (oxidation), M2 (dealkylation), M3 (oxidation), M4 (reduction). The in vitro and in vivo metabolic patterns observed in mice and humans were in good agreement. Qualitatively and quantitatively, none of the metabolites formed in vivo was >10% of Pacritinib in mouse, dog and humans. Pacritinib showed systemic clearance of 8.0, 1.6, 1.6 l/h/kg, volume of distribution of 14.2, 7.9, 8.5 l/kg, t1/2 of 5.6, 6.0, 4.6 h, and oral bioavailability of 39, 10, and 24% in mouse, rat and dog, respectively. In radiolabeled mass balance and QWBA studies in mice, ~91% of the dose was recovered in feces, suggesting biliary clearance, and maximum radioactivity was seen in the gastrointestinal tract followed by the kidney, heart and low activity in the brain. The relatively high exposures of Pacritinib in humans might be attributed to its very high plasma protein binding, low metabolic and/or biliary clearance.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial, Phase I
  • Clinical Trial, Phase II
  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Animals
  • Biological Availability
  • Biotransformation
  • Bridged-Ring Compounds / administration & dosage*
  • Bridged-Ring Compounds / blood
  • Bridged-Ring Compounds / pharmacokinetics*
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / metabolism
  • Dealkylation
  • Dogs
  • Feces / chemistry
  • Hepatobiliary Elimination
  • Hepatocytes / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Janus Kinase 2 / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Janus Kinase 2 / metabolism
  • Liver / metabolism*
  • Male
  • Metabolic Clearance Rate
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Nude
  • Microsomes, Liver / metabolism
  • Models, Biological
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / administration & dosage*
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / blood
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacokinetics
  • Pyrimidines / administration & dosage*
  • Pyrimidines / blood
  • Pyrimidines / pharmacokinetics*
  • Rats
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Species Specificity
  • Tissue Distribution

Substances

  • 11-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)-14,19-dioxa-5,7,26-triazatetracyclo(19.3.1.1(2,6).1(8,12))heptacosa-1(25),2(26),3,5,8,10,12(27),16,21,23-decaene
  • Bridged-Ring Compounds
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Pyrimidines
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
  • CYP3A4 protein, human
  • JAK2 protein, human
  • Janus Kinase 2