•47,XYY syndrome is a frequent sex chromosome aneuploidy.•Overview of characteristic symptoms of 47,XXY•First report of 47,XYY and microcephaly in a preterm child•Brief differential diagnosis of microcephaly.
Keywords: 47,XYY syndrome; Delayed speech development; HAWIK-IV, Hamburg-Wechsler Intelligence test for Children; Hyperactivity; Impulsiveness; Mental retardation; Microcephaly; NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information; OFC, occipitofrontal head circumference; OMIM, Online Mendilian Inheritance in Man; array CGH, array comparative genomic hybridization.