The production of secondary organic material (SOM) by the reactive uptake of isoprene photooxidation products was investigated using partially to wholly neutralized sulfuric acid particles. The experiments were performed at a relative humidity (RH) of <5% and a temperature of 20 °C. The extent X of neutralization was adjusted from that of sulfuric acid (X = 0) to that of ammonium sulfate (X = 1). Significant SOM production was observed only for X < 0.7. The threshold of 0.7 corresponded to the transition point of the sulfate particles from aqueous to solid for <5% RH. The phase transition of inorganic sulfate therefore regulated the particle-phase reactions that produce isoprene SOM, at least for the investigated conditions. For aqueous particles, a decreasing extent of neutralization was associated with increasing production of SOM, including increased production of oligomers and organosulfates. These results can underpin treatments of phase-dependent SOM production within chemical transport models, thereby improving the accuracy of simulations of biogenic-anthropogenic interactions in the atmosphere and the associated impacts of aerosol particles on climate and air quality.